Book 29. A person who is a manager. What is its purpose? It is the purpose of management to keep asking this question.

 Hello. β (beta). This time, I would like to write about the profession of manager.

When you think of a manager, you may think of a middle manager, but management can be said to be the president's job. Furthermore, it is the job of a manager. The most important thing in my job is to observe management.

When it comes to management, it seems that it is normal for middle managers to give instructions and subordinates to act according to instructions. In order for a subordinate to be a subordinate, a boss must be a boss. In order for a subordinate to surpass his subordinates, he must surpass his superiors and exceed his superiors' instructions.

The boss's accurate instructions motivate and motivate the subordinates, but the boss must take responsibility for the actions of the subordinates. The actions of subordinates must reflect the instructions of their superiors, but they must also be able to act beyond subordinates. Only when a subordinate quits a subordinate can he succeed as a manager.

However, raising subordinates is difficult, and the will of the boss must be reflected. Otherwise, they will lead their subordinates to a difference in direction, a dichotomy, and even self-destruction. Raising subordinates means going beyond subordinates, beyond superiors, and increasing autonomy to the point where they understand the boss's wishes.

In order for a subordinate to be a subordinate, he must become the boss's right-hand man, the boss's shield, and the boss's spear, and bring him to a state where there is no contradiction. If I were the boss, the instructions I give to my subordinates are a general agreement, not a detailed process.

A rough agreement is enough to communicate with subordinates on a regular basis, and more importantly, there is a relationship of trust, but I don't think a boss who ends at a detailed process will never be a big success. It can be said that it is the duty of the boss to fulfill his responsibilities in an emergency, just as the boss is the boss, without imposing responsibility on the subordinates.

I wrote that when a subordinate quits a subordinate, it is a great achievement as a manager, but I think one theme can be what happens to the subordinate or the boss when the boss quits the boss. The boss cannot surpass the boss.

Because the boss is only the boss. Beyond that, when you quit your boss, your organization will be automated. Autonomous forces work in the organization, and the organization becomes an organization beyond the organization. Even without a boss, the organization is formed into a state of activation.

One of the points of achievement as a boss is when you quit your boss and automate the organization. That is one of the points to achieve, and it is something that every good manager has tried. What goes beyond that point and now goes beyond that is to create a new organization.

When you automate your organization beyond your boss, the new challenge will be to shape a new organization. This emphasis is the original job of the manager, and it can be said that it is the reason for the existence of the manager to be a manager.

If I were to become a manager, it would be said that management is to shape a new culture, civilization, or world, and to be a part of the wheel of it. The reason why I think this part is important is that as we move into a new era, society will become more sophisticated and shape a new era.

Each organization does not exist from the beginning, but when an organization is established, its dynamics lead to an automated mechanism. On the basis of an automated system without a founder and manager, the dynamics of the founder and manager will turn in a new direction to create a new organization.

And if the new organization is automated, it is the original role of the manager to steer the foundation and training of the new organization. The role of the manager is never to make the organization bigger. It is the role of executives and bureaucracy to make the organization bigger.

Beyond that, managers create something out of nothing. It can be said that the creation of new things is the responsibility of the manager, whether it is an organization or a product. Originally, the manager should be the boss.

When a subordinate quits a subordinate, the subordinate becomes the boss. When the subordinate becomes a boss, he needs to quit his boss. It is the responsibility of the boss to give autonomy to his subordinates, transfer responsibilities, and form an autonomous organization.

If you get to that point, leaving the rest to the younger generation and moving to a new organization is proof of your existence as a manager. I think that a manager is a manager. In order to become a manager beyond a manager, the main focus is on mastering the realm of creation beyond several processes.

A person who is a manager. What is the purpose? There is no chance of winning for managers who do not see their purpose or for the organization. What is the purpose? It is the purpose of management to keep asking this question. And that's it. Thank you for your growth. It was β.

page 6! One suggestion I would like to make is to speak with the strength of the tongue, and if you are a good singer, you know that if you sing with the strength of the "throat Buddha", you can sing a clear song -R86plusA-

 Hello. This is the Ten Watanabe of the R86plusA blog.

There are people who have a bad tongue and find it difficult to listen to them when talking. I have had several experiences where I thought it was difficult for elderly people to listen to them, perhaps because of their dentures.

The fact that the tongue is not smooth and it is difficult to hear what is being said is a disadvantage for both the speaker and the listener.

One suggestion I would like to make is to speak with your tongue. If you are a good singer, you know that if you put effort into singing "Nodobutsu", you can sing a clear song.

However, the problem here is not the "throat", but the "tongue". I think that people who have difficulty hearing their voices probably don't have strength in their tongues.

Therefore, by practicing vocalization while putting effort into your tongue, it will be easier for the other person to hear you.

Even when singing, if you not only focus on the "throat Buddha", but also on the "tongue", you can go to the next stage one step further.

If you can't get your voice to be understood, why not try various things by focusing on your throat and tongue?

page 5!! There is a famous story about how many times you need to fold paper to fold 1mm paper and cross Mt. Fuji, and the answer is 22 times -R86plusA-

 Hello. This is Ten Watanabe of the R86plusA blog. Computers need to think about memory, which is the amount of data.

Until now, there have been various digital media such as blogs, audio media, and images, but the mainstream these days is still video distribution. Videos are informative, and you can get a lot of information at a glance.

On the other hand, there are also limitations in data capacity, and a single video can be very large as data, such as hundreds of megabytes.

Even if the computer itself has a lot of terabytes (1 million times 1 megabyte), if you take and store many videos, the memory capacity will naturally decrease. However, if it is a text file with only text written on it, it often takes only a few kilobytes (1/1000th of a megabyte).

Here, let's review the part-time job. 1 kilobyte = 1024 bytes, 1 megabyte = 1024 kilobytes, 1 gigabyte = 1024 megabytes, 1 terabyte = 1024 gigabytes.

By the way, the reason why it is 1024 instead of 1000 is that computers represent data only with the numbers 0 and 1 called binary numbers. Therefore, the capacity of data such as the power of 2 is easier for a computer to handle.

Multiply 2 to the power of 10, that is, 2 10 times, to get 1024. There is a famous story about how many times you need to fold paper to cross Mt. Fuji by folding 1mm paper, and the answer is 22 times. It might be interesting to do some math on this yourself.

The power of 2 is an exponential increase, and if you multiply it by 2 100 times or 1000 times, it becomes an astronomical number.

When it comes to cryptography, which is computer security, this idea called exponential has become the mainstream today, and exponential cryptographic digits are realized.

page 4! If you are asked to shop without any trouble, you will not accept it obediently, and at least let me buy at least one of the sweets -R86plusA-

 Hello. This is Ten Watanabe of the R86plusA blog. There is a formula that says income - cost = profit.

The idea of income is generally based on production (quantity) x price (price) in economics.

However, in the real economy, it is absolutely not possible to sell all the quantity produced as it is, so it seems that the general income formula is to use sales quantity x price.

If all the products can be sold, you will mass-produce Mercedes-Benz.

So, in this case, if the sales quantity is Acheieve x (Ax) and the price is price(p), it becomes pAx. As for the cost, the production volume is multiplied by the cost per unit, so it is production volume (x) x marginal cost (MC).

So, if you become an enlightened monk who says that you don't need profit, your profit will be zero.

You can't think of zero profit. If you are asked to shop without any trouble, you will not accept it obediently. At least let me buy one of the sweets.

After all, income - expense = profit is pAx-xMC=π. And if the profit is zero, pAx = xMC, and the sales pAx and expense xMC match.

If the production volume is 15 units, the sales quantity is 10 units, and the marginal cost is $5, then p=xMC/Ax, so p=(15×5)/10=$7.5. In other words, if you set the price per piece to $7.5, you will not be in the black or in the red, but the sales and expenses will be the same, that is, zero profit.

Here, the story jumps skyward, but there is a concept called the quantity theory of money in macroeconomics. The formula MV = PT is M: money supply, P: prices, V: speed of money circulation, and T: real GDP.

Here, the person who hits the nail on the head is sharp. If PT = MV, it can be reduced to the formula of income = expense. If p=P, T=Ax, M=x, V=MC, then the two formulas will match.

Furthermore, if we say M: money stock M3, T: real GDP, P: CPI (consumer price index), and V: multiplier effect, the story will expand more and more. The equations pAx=xMC and MV=PT are also related to the IS-LM model of macroeconomics.

From here, through macroeconomics and microeconomics, new ways of thinking will be born more and more.

If you push it further, the formula p = MC is famous in microeconomics, but if P (price) = V (multiplier effect), M (money supply) = T (real GDP).

At this point, we can see that the current money stock M3, which amounts to 1,500 trillion yen, can achieve an efficient economic environment suitable for market principles by matching the real GDP of 550 trillion yen.

As an aside, money stock = credit multiplier x monetary base.

Monetary base = "Bank of Japan bill issuance" + "money circulation" + "Bank of Japan current account".

And that's it. See you then.

Book 28. For emerging companies like those on social media, most of their value lies in their brand, making it an interesting strategy to sell them at a price far below their actual share price.

Hello, this is Beta. The current investment environment (March 27, 2026) is excellent, with the Nikkei Stock Average rising and reaching a new all-time high. My previous article suggested that the investment environment might be outdated, but this article will discuss what you should invest in.

When you start a company and take it public, you can aim for profits from selling the shares by making them available on the market. If you own a majority of the shares, you have the right to dissolve the company through voting rights, and you can make decisions regarding the disposal of assets.

I know that in traditional business practices, owning a majority of shares and circulating a large number of those shares on the market allows for significant capital gains, or profits from selling. In this act of holding shares, the company as an asset definitely exists, and then the goodwill of the brand is added to it.

Owning shares in a company means you own a portion of that company's assets through your share allocation. For example, if a company has a building worth 10 billion yen, that asset is included in the market capitalization of the company's shares.

Now, consider the case of an industrial company going public. The company's owner owns a majority of the shares and releases the remaining shares onto the market. In return, they receive a large profit from the sale.

This raises a question. What if the shares traded on this market were sold not at their market value, but at a price far below half of that value? In the case of an industrial company, the portion sold at a price lower than the market value probably doesn't include much goodwill, which is the brand, but rather is likely compensated for by fixed assets such as factories, equipment, and buildings.

In other words, in industrial companies with little goodwill, selling shares at a price lower than the actual share price is treated the same as transferring actual fixed assets to the buyer free of charge.

On the other hand, for companies with high goodwill, such as IT companies, selling shares at a price lower than the actual share price may attract many buyers. This is because the portion of the shares sold at a price far below the actual share price is mostly goodwill and brand value.

For a popular company, if the goodwill portion—for example, the brand value is 10 billion yen and fixed assets such as buildings are also 10 billion yen—it would be interesting to try selling all of the shares, which have a market capitalization of 20 billion yen, for 10 billion yen instead of 20 billion yen.

For emerging companies like those in the social media space industry, the majority of their value lies in their brand and goodwill, so selling their shares at a price far below their actual share price would be an interesting experiment. For example, if you own 100% of the shares and sell 70% for next to nothing, the shares will be offered at a price far below their actual share price, which should attract many buyers.

If they retained their 30%, and the stock price surged by more than 3.3 times, their total shareholding would exceed the original market capitalization. Even the 70% of shares they sold for next to nothing would generate significant surplus profits if the proceeds from the sale were considered part of the company's cash flow. For a social media company, that 70% of shares might be almost entirely brand value. (To be continued)

Book 27. Why does the field known as scholarship exist in this world, and why has scholarship been able to exist as scholarship?

Hello. I'm Watanabe Ten. Nice to meet you. Today's topic is pricing. When you hear the word pricing, some of you might think of Say's Law. Say's Law is what is called an excess demand economy in economics, and it refers to an economy where people's desire to buy is greater than the desire to supply.

In this excess demand economy, we encounter a phenomenon called Say's Law. Say's Law states that in an economy, the more you supply, that is, the more you sell, the more you can sell. Let's say you are a factory producer with a certain quota to meet. You are required to produce this many products by this deadline.

In our typical economy, unsold goods would end up as inventory, sitting idle in warehouses. However, in Say's Law, there are no unsold goods; every product produced is sold.

In the real world and the theoretical world, we encounter a phenomenon called a divergence. Divergence is a phenomenon in which the difference gradually widens, and by the time a large gap has formed, a considerable amount of time has passed. In the academic world as well, we sometimes encounter a phenomenon in which the initial theory diverges significantly from the real world. Initially, assumptions such as the egoism of classical theory can be considered premises, but as the theory is built up, it gradually diverges from reality.

When we encounter the world of science and academia, we need to thoroughly understand why a particular theory is the way it is. If the initial premise is unrealistic, the subsequent arguments will gradually become increasingly unrealistic.

The initial process was probably driven by a desire to theorize about reality. However, through trial and error, that desire gradually turned into brute force. The theories became complex and sophisticated, becoming incomprehensible to ordinary people.

Let's look at quantum mechanics. Initially, it was probably just a desire to mathematically represent the gradation of light, that is, the shades of light and shadow. I think they tackled this difficult problem of light gradation by adding quadratic equations with variables to avoid making the formulas too complicated.

However, as time progressed, we began to realize that the foundations of our understanding were already shaky, starting with the first observational experiments, such as the observation of light, or the probabilistic theory known as Schrödinger's cat, including differential equations and the famous Schrödinger equation.

Quantum mechanics is a probability theory because velocity and position cannot be determined simultaneously, and light itself does not travel at an observable speed, so the theory is developed within the realm of imagination.

The person who created the famous theory of relativity also worked on analyzing light through thought experiments in his mind. This person is also one of the founders of quantum mechanics, but I believe that even the price formula and this observable economic phenomenon remained in the realm of thought experiments for a long time.

Just as economics theorized its price formula based on the utility of demand or the desire for something, science, for a long time, has also tried to mathematically represent reality through brute force. By manipulating these mathematical formulas, it was possible to apply them to various things, in this case, through induction and deduction.

In this context, induction and deduction refer to the process of formulating laws through induction—that is, expressing reality simply through mathematical formulas—and then finding value in applying those formulas to various economic phenomena and other areas, in other words, in deduction.

I would simply say: Why is this world so strange? Why does a field called scholarship exist in this world, and why has scholarship been able to be scholarship? Scholarship also starts with a simple structure, but why do we still spend so much time merely mimicking reality?

Let's return to the original topic. In the world of Say's Law, the pricing formula, prices would probably be very low. This is because if there is no inventory and no waste, there is no need to pass on the cost to the customer. However, the real world is different from Say's Law; at least in modern times, many products are discarded without ever being purchased.

In this miserable world, one glimmer of hope lies in eliminating waste and approaching Say's Law. If Say's Law includes a certain level of demand, then it could be considered a utopia. In that sense, the idea that everything you make will sell might embody one fundamental principle of the world. That's all. Thank you. This is Watanabe Ten.

第２７冊。なぜ、この世界に学問と呼ばれる領域が存在して、学問が学問たり得たのでしょうか。 Why does the field known as scholarship exist in this world, and why has scholarship been able to exist as scholarship?

 こんにちは。渡辺天です。お願いします。今回のテーマは価格付けです。価格付けというとセーの法則を思い浮かぶ人もいるでしょう。セーの法則とは、経済学で言うところの超過需要経済であり、人々が欲しいと思う気持ちが供給したいという気持ちより多い経済を言います。

僕たちは、この超過需要経済でセーの法則という現象に出くわします。セーの法則とは、供給すれば、つまり売れば売るだけ売れる経済のことを指します。今、あなたは工場の生産者として一定のノルマを請け負っていることとしましょう。これだけの製品をこれだけの納期で生産してほしい、と。

普通、僕たちのいる経済であれば、生産しても売れない商品は在庫となって倉庫に眠ってしまうでしょう。一方、セーの法則の世界では、売れ残りの商品がなく、生産した商品がすべて売れることになります。

現実の世界と理論の世界では、一種の乖離という現象に出くわします。乖離とは、少しずつ差が広がっていく現象であって、多くの差ができる頃にはかなりの時間が進んでいることであると言えます。学問の世界でも最初の理論から現実世界とは大きく乖離していく現象に出くわすことがあります。最初は古典派の利己主義といった仮定といえる前提が理論を積み重ねるに連れ、段々と現実から乖離していくといった現象です。

僕たちは科学や学問という世界に出会うとき、なぜ、その理論がその理論であるか、よく理解する必要があるということです。最初の設定が無理な話であると、その後の話もだんだんと無理が積み重なっていくことになります。

最初の過程はきっと現実というものを理論化したいという欲求だったのでしょう。しかし、その欲求も試行錯誤を重ねて次第に力技となっていきます。理論も複雑で高度なものとなり、普通の一般の人では理解できないものとなっていきます。

量子力学を見ましょう。最初は、ただ光というもののグラデーション、つまり濃淡を数式化したいという欲求だったのでしょう。数式が難しくならないように変数ｘ変数の２次式の足し算でこの光のグラデーションという難題に取り組んだことだと思います。

しかし、時代が進むにつれて微分方程式やかの有名なシュレディンガー方程式など、最初の観測実験と呼ばれる光の観測から、あるいはシュレディンガーの猫と呼ばれる確率論の話から土台が揺らいでいたことに気づくことになるのです。

量子力学が確率論であるのは、なぜかというと速度や位置が同時に確定しないからで、そもそも光というものが観測できるスピードのものでないので、想像の域で理論を展開しているからです。

あの有名な相対性理論を生み出した某氏も頭の中の思考実験により光というものの解析に取り組んできたのです。その某氏も量子力学の生みの親の一人ですが、僕は価格式に至っても、この観測可能な経済現象にしても長らく思考実験の域を出なかったのではないかと考えています。

経済というものが需要という効用により、あるいは欲しいという欲求により、その価格式を理論化していたように、科学も長らく力技で現実を数式化してきたのではないでしょうか。その数式化したものを操れば、色々なものに、ここでは帰納と演繹に対応することができたと思います。

ここで言う、帰納と演繹とは、帰納という法則化、つまり現実を数式化してシンプルに表すことから、その数式を色々な経済現象などに適応して応用する、つまり演繹化することに価値を見出したのだと思います。

僕は一重に言うでしょう。なぜ、この世界はこのように数奇なのか。なぜ、この世界に学問と呼ばれる領域が存在して、学問が学問たり得たのでしょうか。学問も最初は単純な構造から始まっていますが、なぜ未だに現実をなぞることに多くを費やしているのか。

最初のテーマに戻ります。価格式のセーの法則の世界では、価格は恐らくとても安価なものでしょう。在庫が存在せず、廃棄がなければ、価格転嫁する必要がないからです。しかし、現実世界はセーの法則とは違い、少なくとも現代では多くの商品が買われることもなく廃棄されていきます。

この無惨な世界に一つの希望は廃棄をなくし、セーの法則に近づけることで、セーの法則がある程度の需要を含んでいるのであれば、一つの理想郷であったと言えることです。その点では、商品を作れば、すべて売れるということに世界の一つの理が体現されているのかもしれませんね。以上です。ありがとうございました。渡辺天でした。